Below you will find questions I'm
commonly asked, primarily from new collectors or just people not involved in
the hobby but trying to learn about marbles they've found or inherited.
1: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO MARBLES
1a) How long have marbles and marble games been
around?
Games involving "marbles"
could be almost as old as civilization itself. However, the evidence is only
anecdotal for more ancient origins, as glass and ceramic spheres have been
recovered from archaeological contexts at Ancient European and Native
American sites. However, these spheres may have other uses than for games.

"Young Folks At Play" painting by
Pieter Brueghel (1560)
Better evidence, that
provided by historic documentation, definitely places more secure origins
for marbles in the late 15th to early 16th centuries, as European paintings
and manuscripts from that period do illustrate or mention games involving
these little orbs. By the 17th century the game had become common and had
even spread to America. The Dutch seem to have been responsible for much of
the diffusion of the game's popularity.

Dutch delft tile from around 1675
The first marbles were
produced from stone, primarily limestone, though other materials such as
agate and alabaster (you can learn more about these
here). The manufacture of earthenware (i.e.
clay) marbles became popular in the 1800s, and by 1850 the first true glass
marbles were produced in the Thuringen region of Germany (see
this page for a more detailed history).
Marbles were made by hand until American inventors of the early 20th century
perfected the use of machinery to create marbles.
1b) What kind of marbles are there?
As mentioned, marbles have
been made from an assortment of materials, including agate, alabaster,
limestone, flint, semiprecious stone, refined and unrefined earthenwares,
glass, and even steel. Among most collectors, glass marbles are by far the
most popular.
Marbles were also available
in a wide range of sizes (they are measured by their diameter). Some are as
small as 13/32" (about the size of a pea) while others exceed (very rarely)
two or more inches in diameter. The size of a marble depended on the type of
game for which it was used; certainly, no one would ever have attempted to
"knuckle down" with a 2 1/2" sphere! In general terms, collectors call any
marble with a diameter of 1/2" or less a "peewee," while a "shooter" is most
often defined as being at least 3/4".
Throughout the years, marble
players have applied particular names to marbles. These names often have
venerable origins and originally referred to the material of the marble,
though later was used to refer to glass marbles, which often tried to mimic
the appearance of their predecessors. For instance, "allies" first denoted
alabaster marbles, while "aggies" referred to agates. These terms were later
adopted by not only children playing with glass marbles, but also some of
the companies manufacturing the marbles. Some of these companies also
labeled their marbles to reflect the type of stone they were hoping to
imitate with glass: "Carnelian" and "Onyx" are two such terms.
1c) Who made marbles, and who still makes them?
Though marbles were made in
several European countries during the early history of the game, it was the
Germans who were most prolific. They created many of the stone and clay
marbles of the 1800s and before, and were also the ones who invented the
cane cut glass marble. However, it was American ingenuity that led to the
invention of marble making machinery, and once these machines were
perfected, millions of marbles could be produced by one company in a single
day. Those still making marbles by hand could not hope to compete, and the
practice died shortly after World War I. In recent years, however, glass
artisans breathed new life into the craft, and now hand made "art glass
marbles" are very popular, not for use in games, but as highly valued
collectibles displayed for their beauty.
Besides a couple hundred
individual craftsmen (and craftswomen) currently making glass and ceramic
marbles for collectors, there are few companies that actually still make
marbles for use in games. Most of these companies use modern machinery to
mass produce marbles, though some are still being hand made in China. There
are factories in Japan and Pakistan making marbles, while a Mexican
corporation,
Vacor de Mexico, is presently the most
prolific manufacturer, exporting their colorful marbles all over the world.
In America, most of the
marble companies that were so prominent in the middle part of the 20th
century have long ago closed their doors.
Jabo-Vitro Agate, Inc., the current
incarnation of the venerable
Vitro Agate Company, continues to create
glass marbles, though with the exception of limited runs of toy marbles,
most are for industrial use.
Champion Agate, too, continues to operate,
though sporadically; the operators of this company are extremely guarded and
their occasional runs of new marbles are immediately snapped up by
collectors. The third, and most active, company is
Marble King, Inc. Based in West Virginia
along the Ohio River (where the vast majority of American marble companies
were originally established), Marble King continues to make marbles for
children, though due to recent high profile on-site thefts, they offer a
less-than-warm reception to collectors.
2: WHY AND HOW SHOULD I COLLECT MARBLES?
2a) Who collects marbles, and why do they collect
marbles?
Many people collect marbles,
and many of them do so out of a sense of nostalgia, to revive memories of a
more innocent period in their lives. However, more and more people seem to
be collecting due to the beauty many marbles possess. In terms of
demography, there are probably more male collectors than female. While men
generally appear to be interested more in older marbles, women often lean
toward contemporary art glass marbles. This is, however, a broad
generalization.
Indeed, marble collecting
crosses not only gender lines, but also breaks down social, economic,
educational, age, and even racial barriers. Attending a marble show, one
will see both men and women, and even some younger people. These collectors
will be doctors, lawyers, and scientists, and just as many will be "blue
collar" types. Probably just as many collectors have PhD's as will never
have completed high school. I have met collectors as young as nine and as
old as eighty; the ability to enjoy the inherent beauty of a colorful glass
orb does not seem affected by one's age.
If I had to typify the
average collector, however, I would say that this person is a male in his
late forties to early fifties, with a high school level education and a
modest income, who lives in the Midwestern United States. This is based on
the amount of business I've conducted over the past couple years, much of
which has been through the Internet and therefore probably statistically
skewed. However, it is interesting how many collectors fit this profile; I
have often said if I only did business with people who live in Oklahoma I
would be doing just fine!
2b) How should I buy marbles, and how much should
I pay?
Most collectors,
particularly those with modest income levels, begin small and work their way
up. A few, however, are fortunate enough to have a lot of "disposable" cash
and initiate their collecting with high dollar purchases. The average
beginner will start out by rummaging around for marbles at flea markets,
garage sales, antique malls, and the like. Such beginning collections
usually consist of more common marbles, often purchased for a dollar or
less. Later, these marbles are typically weeded out as the collector gains
experience, has a few more dollars to spend, and learns to differentiate
between the manufacturers and the styles of marbles. The average collector
begins with mostly machine made marbles, since for the most part hand made
marbles are more expensive. Few people, in my experience, purchase
contemporary marbles in their early stage of collecting, and in fact many
never do; I find that those who do show interest in such art glass early on
often end up only buying such marbles.
As with anything, only pay
what you personally think a marble is worth. Certainly, don't go off
half-cocked and spend ample sums on marbles you later find are worth much
less. Use the price guides to some extent, but also do comparative shopping.
Keep in mind that most marbles you will ever see in antique stores are
vastly overpriced, and most collectors seem to start by purchasing marbles
from baskets or bowls of marbles marked a buck each in such places. It has
been my experience that these dollar marbles are almost always worth but a
few pennies each, since invariably someone has been there before you to pick
out the good ones. Still, a dollar investment is not going to hurt most
people, and a modest collection can be built by careful selection of such
lower end marbles. Once you are more experienced, don't be afraid to pay
more; by this time you'll know enough about rarity, condition, and current
market values to make a wiser decision.
2c) Where can I find marbles?
As noted above, a good
launching pad for the beginning collector is by searching diligently at flea
markets, antique stores and malls, rummage sales, thrift stores, and the
like. After time, however, you'll discover that the pickings are slim at
such locations. At this point, it's time to try to get to a marble show.
Several are held across the country each year. Nothing compares to the
excitement a collector will feel upon attending his or her first marble
show. Some shows are small and others are large: while a few have barely
more than a half dozen dealers set up, others may be able to boast 50-100
tables. No matter how small or large, if you can get to a show, do it!

A scene from a marble show
Another excellent venue is
the live auction. Often, antique auctions will have a few marbles for sale.
Other auctions are dedicated entirely to marbles. Many experienced
collectors will admit that they have found many wonderful marbles at local
auctions, though perhaps this admission will be hesitant, since they may not
want bidding competition!
There are also marble
auctions that are available through videotape and/or Internet catalogs only.
These services often offer some of the higher priced marbles so keep this in
mind; most new collectors are not yet able to purchase such rare items,
though the catalogs themselves are full of beautiful photographs and can
serve as great guides for identification and pricing.
The Internet has developed
into an invaluable resource for most marble collectors. On the World Wide
Web you will find weekly marble "cyberauctions," auction services such as
eBay, and web sites where marbles can be
purchased. A word of warning, however: since on the Internet any marbles
bought will have their purchase based on only one or perhaps a few pictures,
as well as the assumption that the seller is honest and knows how to grade
marbles, make sure you know who you're buying from. Does this person have a
good reputation? Is there a guarantee, so a marble may be returned for a
refund if you find you don't like it once you have it in hand? Once you feel
comfortable with the idea of ordering or bidding on marbles on-line, you
will find that this opens up an entire new realm to the collecting
experience. It does, in fact, offer more benefits in many ways than even a
live show.
One more technique warrants
mention, though few seem to employ it. Some collectors with whom I've spoken
say they have had good luck advertising for marbles in the local newspaper.
Certainly, all have had more than their share of wild goose chases; you will
find that everyone who calls has a treasure trove of antique marbles, only
to find upon your arrival at their home a fist full of catseyes. Still, it's
that one shot in every score or so where you'll walk away a winner.
Various other methods are
used by crafty collectors. Some distribute business cards that state their
desire to buy marbles anywhere they are able to leave these cards. Some wear
hats, tee-shirts, or even have bumper stickers on their cars advertising the
same. Clever individuals need only to use their imaginations to think up
other ways of building a marble collection!
3: WHAT ARE MARBLES WORTH, AND HOW ARE THEY
VALUED?
3a) How do I figure out how much a marble is
worth?
Placing an exact numeric
value on anything, especially a collectible item, is tricky. Prices are
subject to a number of factors: current demand, current availability,
regional influences, price fluctuations, and so forth. With marbles the
problem is compounded by other factors: size, condition, eye appeal, color,
etceteras. Subtle differences between two marbles that are essentially
identical can separate the two by hundreds of dollars.
Since marbles are now so
widely available, as regards the venue from which they can be purchased, do
your homework. Follow eBay auctions for a type in which you're interested.
Look up the values in price guides, and check out web sites to see if the
marble is offered there. Attend shows and do comparative shopping. I have
literally purchased certain marbles at a show, only to move to the very next
table and find the same ones for a fraction of the cost! Don't rush in to a
purchase unless the marble is just that rare---there will be another one
available and a little patience can save you some major money.
3b) Are marbles a good investment?
Most collectors will deny
that they are in it for the potential for making money. In fact, a lot of
people do collect with no intention of ever selling, no matter what they are
offered. There are also a few, however, who buy marbles with the sole
intention of making money.
Obviously, a person can earn
a profit for selling marbles. Otherwise, I would not be able to pay for this
web site! However, this can be difficult and you have to have your finger on
the pulse of the market, so to speak. When a bargain is obvious, snap up the
marble if you don't personally want it for display but know you can turn it
over for a few dollars. But also be careful...there are some glaring
examples of people who lost big time through speculating. For instance, Akro
Agate "Popeye Patches" and Marble King "Blended Spidermen" used to bring up
to $100 each. They were that rare. But then they started appearing at shows
in greater numbers and some thinking they could make a killing bought as
many as they could find for, say, $20 each. Those who sold quickly probably
came out just fine. But those who held onto them were in for a nasty
surprise: soon it was discovered that the marbles were being unearthed in
huge numbers at dump sites. Today, one is lucky to get a buck for the blue
and yellow Popeye Patch, while the Blended Spiderman, by no means as
available, demands a price of around $10.
Perhaps a better way of
viewing your collection as able to be sold for a profit is long term. Marble
prices are always fluctuating up and down but like stocks and bonds, the
prices have a general upward trend. In other words, the potential for a long
term investment is more secure than short term. No one knows what the future
holds, though. It all depends on whether or not people are still collecting
as avidly down the road, as it also depends on other factors, such as how
many are found between now and then, and how well the reproductions are
made, since there is always someone trying to copy the look of older and
more valuable marbles.
3c) Can I trust the price guides?
Well, let me put it this
way. Would you buy stocks based on a price you saw in the Wall Street
Journal, if that newspaper only came out every year or so? Price guides are
an excellent collector's resource, but only if used properly. They are
generally great for identification, though the authors will readily admit
they can not cover each and every type of marble out there. And the prices
are usually based on their own selling experiences. While mostly accurate at
the time of publication, between updated editions the prices can and will
rise and fall on most of the marbles. So use them as the "guides" they are,
and not as something written in stone. Remember, though a particular marble
may be valued at a particular amount, slight variations in the colors and
patterning of a given type can wildly affect how much someone is willing to
pay. And as you start buying more marbles, you will find yourself more than
once grimacing and clenching your fists when a seller demands a price for a
marble he has found valued a certain way in a price guide, though it will
give you pleasure year after year seeing the same seller at a show, still
trying to sell the same marble.
A final word of advice: if
you try to sell off your entire collection you're going to discover you will
make less overall than if you sold the marbles individually. This is
particularly true if the buyer is a dealer. Remember that a dealer has to
make some money in the resale, so don't expect to get "book" prices for your
marbles. The general rule in this case, which holds true for just about any
type of collectible, is that a dealer will offer you about half of what he
expects to eventually make.
4: HOW IS THE CONDITION OF MARBLES
DETERMINED?
4a) How do I grade the condition of a marble?
Grading a marble can be very
tricky. There are two basic systems, both of which call upon the same
general criteria. The most common system groups marbles into the following
categories: Poor (Collectible), Good, Near Mint, and Mint. Among the latter
three, marbles can usually be subdivided the into the Minus (-) or Plus (+)
ranges; when neither denomination is used, the grade is considered
mid-range.
The second system is
numerically based and often controversial, since there is no set standard
for most of this precise grading. In this system, a perfect "10" is
theoretical since all marbles should have some flaw, no matter how
imperceptible, to make it less than absolutely perfect. Mint marbles are
graded 9.0-9.9 (Mint Minus is 9.0-9.2 and Mint Plus is 9.7-9.9); Near Mint
marbles are graded 8.0-8.9 (Near Mint Minus is 8.0-8.2 and Near Mint Plus is
8.7-8.9); and Good marbles are graded 7.0-7.9 (Good Minus is 7.0-7.2 and
Good Plus is 7.7-7.9). Finally, Poor (called "Collectible" by others)
marbles would be graded 0.1 to 6.9, though few people would attempt to place
an exact numeric value on a marble falling in this wide range. I assume a
"0" marble would be mere dust!
I personally don't like to
use the numeric system because it can be too subjective and you would be
hard-pressed to find two people who agree on an exact numeric grade for any
given marble (I challenge anyone to explain the difference between, say, 8.5
and 8.6). So I use Poor, Good, Near Mint, and Mint, with the pluses and
minuses where appropriate. I feel more secure with this technique, since if
I grade a marble Near Mint, for instance, it could be considered 8.3. 8.4.
8.5, or 8.6, and that leaves enough room to compensate for most subjectivity
and personal preference.
So how are marbles graded,
then? I know of several methods, mostly macroscopic. Some people hold the
marble anywhere from six inches to a foot or more from the naked eye and
judge based on their ability to detect damage from this distance. This
method is very subjective and is dependent upon that person's eyesight:
obviously those with 20/20 vision are going to give a more accurate
assessment than those who are farsighted! Another system uses this
"eyeballing" technique, with the addition of feeling the marble's surface
with the fingernail to discover damage that is otherwise undetectable.
Again, while better than the first method, it is weakened by subjectivity.
My favorite grading method
is microscopic, though this too has inherent flaws. For instance, what power
of magnification is used? I know of people who use 3X, 5X, 10X, and even
20X. I personally like 20X, because I want to be absolutely sure that if I
say a marble is Mint, then indeed it is. No matter what method of grading is
used, all collectors should be equipped with a jeweler's loupe with 10X
magnification. These are handy not only for grading, but also for detecting
repaired marbles.
Let's look at each range of
condition now. Though there are various definitions of what constitutes a
certain grade, I'll use mine, since few would disagree with my approach, I
think. Mint is the easiest, since such a marble has no visible damage. Under
magnification, if I can still detect no damage whatsoever, the marble is
Mint (+). If there is just a hint of wear, or a tiny rub spot or abrasion
invisible to the naked eye, then it is Mint. If, under magnification, I can
find a pinprick, tiny subsurface moon or reflection, or a sparkle, but no
damage that can be felt with the fingernail, I rate it Mint (-).
The Near Mint range is
pretty straight forward, too. Such a marble will have visible damage or at
least enough microscopic damage for me to not want to classify it as Mint
(-). Near Mint (+) marbles may have a small flake or two, or a couple moons
or some such defect, but otherwise be free of wear and able to be viewed
mint from at least one angle. Near Mint marbles will have more numerous or
larger flakes, moons, or other minor damage, but still have at least one
side that can be seen as mint. Near Mint (-) specimens, on the other hand,
will have multiple flakes, moons, scratches, abrasions, and so forth, but no
exterior damage that is very deep or large. Such a marble may have overall
damage but generally less than a quarter of the overall surface will be
affected.
When we move into the Good
range, things get a bit more difficult. I am often at wit's end whether or
not to classify some marbles as Good (+) and Near Mint (-), and indeed in my
own opinion this is perhaps the most subjective division in the grading
system. Good (+) marbles will have a substantial amount of damage, a bit
more than marbles that can squeak through into the Near Mint range; the
damage can be larger and deeper. Good marbles might have such damage
covering up to 50% of the overall surface, and may also include damage so
deep that polishing the marble could not remove it. Good (-) marbles are at
the very fringe of what is worth keeping and what you want to toss. Such
examples may have almost no areas of glass unaffected by damage and wear. On
transparent marbles, the wear, haze, and frostiness on the remaining surface
may be so bad you cannot see what is inside the marble.
"Collectible" is a grading
term that makes me cringe. First, are not marbles in better condition also
collectible? Second, since this grade covers the remaining range of
condition, would you truly consider a "2.5" condition marble worth keeping?
The difference here lies in the rarity of the marble; an Akro Corkscrew, for
instance, would be worthless in 5.0 condition, but a two inch black-based
Clambroth in the same condition would still maintain some level of
collectibility. I now prefer to use the term "Poor" instead of
"Collectible." Whichever your opinion, the fact is that a Poor/Collectible
marble will have deep damage, and a lot of it. If you see me grade a marble
as such, and your desire is only to have marbles that maintain some
semblance of respectability and ability to be visually enjoyed, don't walk
away---run!
4b) What types of damage can a marble have?
A number of terms are
bandied about when it comes to describing the condition of a marble, and
some I do not use so will not discuss them here. These include "flea bites"
and "chigger bites," and the like.
There are two basic
categories of damage that can occur on a marble. These are surface damage
and subsurface damage. Keep in mind that many of these terms are appropriate
only for glass marbles, but since 99% of you will only seriously collect
such orbs, I'll limit the discussion to glass. Of course, non-glass material
can have the same types of damage in most cases.
Let's begin with surface
damage, since that is going to be the most prominent.
Chips are left when pieces
of material are broken away from the marble. They tend to be large and deep,
and are often angular.

Chip
Flakes are generally more
shallow and, as the name suggests, are bits of material that have been
flaked away. They can be large but for the most part are small.

Flake
Pinpricks are what they
sound like: pin-point sized pieces of missing glass. They usually cannot be
easily seen or felt, but are evident under magnification.

Pinprick
Surface moons are
crescent-shaped flakes. They often occur as a result of impact against a
hard object.

Surface Moon
Scratches are pretty much
self-explanatory. They are usually shallow and may be hard to see, though
they can be felt with a fingernail.

Scratch
Surface fractures are
hairline cracks in a marble. Some are caused by annealing, or the cooling of
the marble during manufacture, though some are caused by impact.
Pits are generally small,
round areas on the surface of a marble. Often caused during manufacture,
they are usually the result of trapped pockets of air just under the surface
being exposed by glass breaking away.

Pit
Wear is a condition on a
marble that does not really constitute missing glass, but a general dulling
over the surface due to use. Other types of wear may be the result of aging
and chemical weathering: hazing is an appearance of glass where the surface
is dulled, making it difficult to see inside the marble; frostiness is a
more advanced form of hazing where the marble's surface is so weathered that
one cannot see into the interior (if transparent); patination is a condition
in which the surface of the glass is weathered and has taken on an
iridescent appearance.

Wear
Crazing
is a condition where the surface of a marble is covered with fine fractures
with an almost spiderweb-like appearance. Sometimes caused by annealing, it
can also result from age and weathering, and is particularly common among
dug marbles.

Crazing
Abrasions and rub-spots are
minor types of damage that aren't really severe enough to consider
scratches. These usually occur during manufacturing when thousands of
marbles are grouped into single containers.

Abrasion
Now we'll consider
subsurface damage, which usually is not as noticeable or bothersome as
surface damage.
Subsurface moons are similar
to surface moons in appearance, but are completely inside the glass and
involve no missing material.

Subsurface Moon
Sparkles are pinprick-sized
reflections beneath the surface. They often are only seen when the marble is
held at a certain angle, and they are made visible by the fact that they
reflect light.

Sparkle
Reflections are like
sparkles, but are larger in size. The term is often interchangeable with
subsurface moons.
Bruises are round areas on
the marble resulting from impact. The glass is literally bruised and takes
on a discoloration. These begin at the surface but are mostly beneath it,
and involve no missing glass.

Bruise
Subsurface fractures are
completely under the surface. Again, they may have formed during the cooling
process, but also can occur after manufacture.

Subsurface Fracture
A third category of damage
is "as-made" and as such really isn't damage in the true since of the word,
but since it detracts from the beauty, and therefore value, of a marble, it
will be considered here.
Annealing fractures are been
discussed above. They are caused when the glass improperly cools during the
final stage of manufacture.
Blow-outs are naturally
occurring pits. Trapped air bubbles just under the surface burst during
cooling, leaving usually small round pits.

Blowout Pit
Roll lines are linear
depressions in the surface of marbles that are hand made. They may also
occur in machine made marbles that were not properly rounded as they
descended the machinery's chutes. Sometimes referred to as 'Cold Rolls'.

Roll Lines
Seediness is a condition in
glass where microscopic air bubbles are trapped at the surface.

Seediness
Craters often occur in
handmade marbles where, apparently, the still hot glass is impacted by
something. They are usually small, round, shallow depressions with
concentric rings.

Crater
4c) Is there a universal system for grading
marbles?
Not really. The Marble
Collectors Society of America has promulgated a system which has been widely
adopted due to the club's influence. However, there are variations within
the system and experienced collectors and dealers often develop their own
criteria. Naturally, Mint is Mint, but as discussed above there is a wide
range of Mint. Unlike, say, numismatics, which has a strict set of criteria
for the grading of coins and a handful of experts who are recognized as
possessing the authority to set exact numeric grades, no such system has
been developed for marbles. Even so, you will eventually feel comfortable
grading your own marbles and perhaps even some you will want to sell;
experience, in this case, is the keyword.
5: OK--I UNDERSTAND ALL THE QUESTIONS LISTED
ABOVE, BUT I'M STILL CONFUSED!
5a) What is with all the different marble names?
Early in the manufacturing
history of machine made marbles, some of the companies deemed it necessary
to name their different marbles. These names were often reminiscent of
earlier popular stone types that the makers tried to imitate with glass.
Later, children playing with these marbles also gave them names, and
eventually, when marbles became collectible, the hobbyists too conceived
descriptive names. Many of the marbles given names by collectors sported
superhero titles, such as the Peltier Glass Company "Superman" or the Marble
King "Spiderman."
Such names adopted by
collectors stuck in many cases and today are widely used to identify
specific marbles. Unfortunately, as the popularity of the hobby gains
momentum more and more people are applying names of their own choosing to
certain previously unnamed marbles, causing the "old time" collectors to
often ring their hands in frustration. Now, they protest, we have to contend
with the Akro Agate Superman, the Christensen Agate Superman, and even the
Vacor de Mexico Superman! Other recent names are more imaginative, and while
many are not readily accepted, most collectors have noted that previously
unnamed marbles that now have accepted names, like the Peltier "Superboy"
for instance, skyrocket in price once the name sticks. This can be good or
bad, depending on whether you're selling or buying the marble in question!
5b) How can I tell old from new?
The answer to this is
simple: experience. You have to become acquainted with marbles, and their
particular traits, to be able to distinguish old from new. Generally, this
is easier for hand made marbles (though many of us as "newbies" have bought
unsigned contemporary marbles thinking them antique), and can be quite
difficult for machine made marbles.
As you progress through this
hobby, you'll learn that machine made marbles from different companies have
often subtle differences in glass color, seam configuration, patterning,
etceteras. Soon, it will be obvious to you when you hold a marble in hand
whether or not it is vintage. In general terms, and applying primarily to
opaque colors in machine made marbles, older glass is brighter, more
vibrant, and more opaque. Newer marbles often have a dull look to the
colors, and the opacity often borders on translucency.
Explaining these differences
in text is very difficult, and really the best method is going to be through
direct experience...by handling as many marbles as you can. Therefore,
you're going to have to attend marble shows! Even so, be warned: experienced
collectors are not immune to making errors. I just received a collection on
consignment from a person who has been collecting ten years, and mixed in
with the Christensen Agate marbles (which date to the late 1920s) were
several Mexican marbles with similar coloring and designs, but made only
recently. There were also a couple fakes: modern torchmade marbles
intentionally created by a glass artist to look like these older examples.
So don't be frustrated by being ripped off or unintentionally fooled. Think
of it as a lesson, albeit perhaps an expensive one. When it comes to
accidentally purchasing modern marbles that you think are old is not a
matter of "if," it's a matter of "when."
Even though I do tout
experience as the best tool for protecting yourself against buying newer
marbles, thinking them old and valuable, some books and web sites do offer
guides on avoiding modern machine made or contemporary hand made marbles (or
original packaging, for that matter) misrepresented as genuine. My own is a
good place to begin, and it can be accessed by using this
link.
5c) Try as I might, I still can't identify my
marble! What gives?
Don't fret! Many marbles,
particular machine made marbles made after around 1940, are very hard to
identify. First, they may be so common that they have not been given the
descriptive names that you find attached to older, rarer marbles. Or it may
be a type of marble manufactured by many different companies, and therefore
obscured by its own homogeneity. Even if you have a type of marble that is
identified in the various books or on a site such as mine, remember that due
to variations in the pattern it may be very difficult for you to pin it
down. Once more, experience will solve this problem, but not completely.
Personally, I don't trust a collector who claims to be able to identify
every single marble he or she sees. Though by no means as experienced as
some, in the past few years I've seen hundreds of thousands of marbles and
still have some go by me that only make me scratch my head and shrug. Alas,
that's the challenge and allure of marble collecting: you'll never get to
the point where you become jaded because you've seen it all!